Exploring Modern Mechanism of Treating Diabetic Retinopathy and Coronary Heart Disease from Perspective of Blood Stasis Under Viewpoint of Treating Different Diseases with the Same Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic retinopathy（DR） and coronary heart disease（CHD） are both major chronic vascular complications that seriously jeopardize the health of the population and often occur together in clinical practice， it is of great clinical value to actively explore the association between the two in the process of disease development and methods of prevention and treatment of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. According to TCM， the heart and eyes physiologically communicate with each other by taking Qi， blood and veins as bridges， blood stasis obstructing collaterals is the common TCM etiology of DR and CHD， whose mechanism involves inflammation， oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis plays an important role in the same treatment for different diseases and prevention and treatment of comorbidities， possibly by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， endothelin-1（ET-1） and hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor（HIF-1α/VEGF）， regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin（PI3K/Akt/mTOR） pathway， initiating adenosine monophosphate（AMP）-activated protein kinase/silent information regulator 1（AMPK/SIRT1） and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1（Nrf2/HO-1） signaling pathways， inhibiting Hippo/Yes-associated protein（Hippo/YAP） signaling pathway， inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore and anti-platelet agglutination for treating DR and CHD， which provides a multi-component， multi-pathway and multi-target selection strategies and ideas for the prevention and treatment of DR and CHD by TCM from a biological perspective. Based on this， subsequent studies should focus on constructing clinically relevant comorbidity models， conducting multicenter prospective studies， and fully utilizing artificial intelligence technology to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the two diseases， so as to elucidate the mechanism of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in preventing and treating panvascular diseases.

Comparison on Rat Models of Acute Cerebral Infarction Due to Stasis Combined with Toxin Complicated with Cerebral-cardiac Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe and compare the electrocardiogram index， myocardial morphology， and connexin 43 （Cx43） expression of two rat models of acute cerebral infarction （ACI） due to stasis combined with toxin complicated with cerebral-cardiac syndrome （CCS）， and to provide experimental evidence for the research on the occurrence mechanism of cardiac diseases induced by ACI and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCS. MethodSixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into six groups （n=10）： normal ， syndrome of stasis combined with toxin induced by carrageenin combined with dry yeast （CA/Y）， multi-infarct induced by micro-embolism （ME）， middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）， CA/Y+ME， and CA/Y+MCAO groups. The model of syndrome of stasis combined with toxin was established by intraperitoneal injection with carrageenan （CA） at 10 mg·kg-1 on the first day and subcutaneous injection with dry yeast （Y） suspension （2 mg·kg-1） on the second day of modeling. Twenty-four hours after the modeling of ACI， the electrocardiograms （ECGs） of rats in each group were collected and the number/percentage （%） of abnormal ECG was calculated. The infarct area of the brain was evaluated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， and myocardial injury was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immumohistochemical staining and Western blot were employed to determine the expression of Cx43 in the myocardium. ResultA certain number of rats in each model group presented abnormal ECG. Compared with the normal group and CA/Y group， CA/Y+MCAO group had the highest rate of abnormal ECG （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal， CA/Y， ME， and CA/Y+ME groups， the CA/Y+ME and CA/Y+MCAO groups showed decreased amplitudes of P-wave and T-wave， shortened P-R interval， and extended Q-T interval， which were particularly obvious in the CA/Y+MCAO group （P<0.05， P<0.01） and in accordance with the cerebral infarction area and pathological changes. The expression of Cx43 was up-regulated in both CA/Y+ME and CA/Y+MCAO groups， especially in the CA/Y+MCAO group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe two rat models of ACI due to stasis combined with toxin complicated with CCS can be used to study the mechanism of heart diseases caused by cerebrovascular diseases and the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicines with the functions of resolving stasis and detoxifying. Moreover， the CA/Y+MCAO method has higher abnormal electrocardiogram rate， severer myocardial pathological injury， and higher expression of Cx43 protein. The models can be chosen according to specific experimental purpose.

Construction of glioma prognosis model with n7-methylguanosine related long non-coding RNA based on transcriptome / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between n7-methylguanosine (m7G) related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression and glioma prognosis, and to construct a prognosis model with m7G-related lncRNA in patients with glioma.Methods:Data related to the test set and validation set were downloaded from the Cancer and Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the China Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. LASSO regression and random forest algorithm were used to establish the glioma prognosis model with m7G related lncRNA. Individualized risk scores were calculated using the weighted expression levels of the 12 extracted lncRNA coefficients, and test set and validation set glioma patients were categorized into high and low risk groups based on median risk score. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn, the comparison method used log rank test. The efficacy of risk score in predicting the 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rate in patients with glioma was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 12 lncRNA associated with m7G were obtained, with a risk score = 1.026 × AC002454.1 + 1.086 × AC131097.4 + 1.039 × AC147651.3 + 1.01 × AGAP2-AS1 + 1.036 × CRNDE + 0.733 × GDNF-AS1 + 1.321 × HOXD-AS2 + 0.934 × LINC00641 + 1.183 × PAXIP1-AS2 + 1.258 × PVT1 + 0.909 × SOX21-AS1 + 0.754 × TTC28-AS1, with a median risk score of - 0.45 scores. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis result showed that the median survival time in high risk group was significantly shorter than that in low risk group (1.98 years vs. 9.51 years, log-rank χ2 = 131.78, P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of risk score in predicting the 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rate in patients with glioma was 0.891, 0.923 and 0.912. In the validation set of glioma patients, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis result showed that the median survival time in high risk group was significantly shorter than that in low risk group (1.29 years vs. 6.88 years, log-rank χ2 = 103.27, P<0.01); ROC curve analysis result showed that the AUC of risk score in predicting the 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rate in patients with glioma was 0.724, 0.795 and 0.762. In the test set and validation set, multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed that the risk score was the independent risk factors of prognosis in patients with glioma ( HR = 1.992 and 1.247, P<0.01 or <0.05). Conclusions:A risk score model with m7G related lncRNA based on transcriptome is a novel approach to predict the prognosis of glioma patients.

Construction of Doctor-Nurse-Patient shared decision-making framwork for breast cancer patients undergoing surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct Doctor-Nurse-Patient shared decision-making framwork for breast cancer surgery patients, so as to provide a foundation for clinical practice.Methods:The content of the shared decision-making framwork were initially constructed through systematic literature search and group discussion. From March to May 2021, 24 experts were consulted by the Delphi method, and the weight of each element would be determined by the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A total of 2 rounds of expert letter questionnaires were implemented. The authority coefficient of the experts in this study was 0.832, the Kendall coefficient of the experts in the first round was 0.130-0.261 ( P<0.01), and the Kendall coefficient of the experts in the second round was 0.130-0.272 ( P<0.01). The final shared decision-making framwork includes 5 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 52 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The Doctor-Nurse-Patient shared decision-making framwork of breast cancer surgery patients constructed in this study is scientific and practical, and provides a reference for clinical practice of shared decision-making in the future.

Study on the Medication Rule of the National Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Formula in the Treatment of Depression / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for depression in the National Patent Database using data mining， and to provide ideas for the clinical treatment and the development of new drugs for depression. MethodsThe patent data of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of depression were searched from inception to July 1st， 2022 on the Patent Publication Announcement website of China National Intellectual Property Administration. The selected traditional Chinese medicine compounds were analyzed by using the data mining section of the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform （V2.3.5） for drug frequency， and based on this， the nature， flavor， channel entry and function of the medicinals were analyzed. Representative high-frequency herbal combinations were obtained through correlation analysis， while the classification of Chinese medicine compounds for depression was analyzed by cluster analysis， and the core combinations of herbs for the treatment of depression were screened out using complex network analysis. ResultsA total of 325 Chinese medicine compounds were included， involving 452 herbs， with a total frequency of 3532 times. The top 10 mostly used herbs were Yujin （Radix Curcumae， 122 times）， Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri， 122 times）， Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba， 109 times）， Suanzaoren （Spina Date Seed， 95 times）， Fuling （Poria， 94 times）， Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis， 94 times）， Yuanzhi （Radix Polygalae， 84 times）， Baizhu （Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae， 72 times）， Shichangpu （Rhizoma Acori Graminei， 71 times）， and Danshen （Salvia Miltiorrhiza， 61 times）. The natures of the herbs were mainly warm （998 times）， neutral （944 times）， slightly cold （596 times） and cold （497 times）； the flavors were mainly sweet （1648 times）， acrid （1392 times）， and bitter （1337 times）； the channels of entry were mainly liver （1695 times）， heart （1521 times）， spleen （1326 times） and lung （1268 times）. The medicinals with the function of soothing liver to relieve constraint， moistening the intestines to promote defecation， calming the heart and the mind， moving qi to relieve constraint were used more frequently. The high frequency herbal combinations by association analysis included “Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）→ Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）”， “Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis）→Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）” and “Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）→ Yujin （Radix Curcumae）”. The 22 high frequency medicinals used more than 40 times could be clustered into six categories. Complex network analysis found the core herbal combination for the treatment of depression was the formula of Chaihu （Radix Bupleuri）， Yujin （Radix Curcumae）， Baishao （Radix Paeoniae Alba）， Danggui （Radix Angelicae Sinensis）， Fuling （Poria）， Suanzaoren （Spina Date Seed）， and Xiangfu （Cyperi Rhizoma）. ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of depression is mainly based on the pathogenesis of constraint， stasis and deficiency， focusing on the liver， heart， spleen and lung， commonly using medicinals with the function of soothing liver to relieve constraint， fortifying spleen and nourishing heart， regulating qi and invigorating blood， and moistening the intestines to promote defecation， which can provide a reference for the clinical treatment and new drug research and development for depression.

Coronary Heart Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome： Interpretation and Reflection Based on Simultaneous Treatment of Heart and Lung in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As the overweight and obese population is growing， the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea is rising， and most of the cases are complicated with coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. The two diseases affect each other and seriously endanger the patients' health， becoming a major public health problem of global concern. It is of great clinical importance to explore the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Researchers have explored the relationship between the two based on traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） theory and found that the two diseases belong to the TCM disease categories of chest impediment and snoring， respectively， and their co-morbidity is associated with the abnormal physiological functions of the heart and lungs. The failure of the heart to govern blood leads to the generation of blood stasis， and that of the lung to govern Qi movement leads to the generation of phlegm. The accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis in the chest causes chest impediment and snoring due to obstruction of the airway. This paper discusses the internal linkage between the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Chinese and Western medicine from the TCM theory of heart-lung correlation. Furthermore， this paper proposes the treatment principles of simultaneously treating the heart and lung and activating blood and resolving phlegm， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with obstructive sleep apnea.

Clinical Application of Supplementing Essence and Boosting Marrow Method in the Treatment of Encephalopathy Based on the Marrow Sea Theory / 中医杂志

As the guiding theory for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， The marrow sea theory has important theoretical connotation and clinical value. This paper summarized the clinical research literature on the differentiation and treatment of common encephalopathy based on the marrow sea theory published in recent years， analyzed the treatment method and effects from eight aspects in terms of stroke， dizziness， insomnia， headache， constraint syndrome， dementia， tremor syndrome， and atrophy syndrome， and discussed the possible mechanism based on the relevant basic research. It is believed that marrow sea depletion is the common pathogenesis of encephalopathy in TCM. Guided by the method of supplementing essence and boosting marrow， the corresponding formulas and medicinals are recommended in accordance with differentiated syndromes， which can effectively improve the symptoms of the disease， delay the progression， increase the daily life ability of the patients， and improve the quality of life. Based on the marrow sea theory， the method of supplementing essence and boosting marrow， rectifying healthy qi and dispelling pathogen can be used to highlight the advantages of TCM and provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy in TCM.

Evaluation of toxin-induced injury and protective effect of triptolide based on a cardiovascular chip model / 药学实践杂志

Objective To construct a cardiovascular chip model for evaluating the damage of vascular glycocalyx induced by four marine toxins: okadaic acid (OA), conotoxin (CTX), tetrodotoxin (TTX) and gymnodimine (GYM), and explore the protective effect of triptolide on toxin-induced injury. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVEC) were inoculated into a three-channel microfluidic chip. CCK-8 method and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the damage of cell viability and glycocalyx tissue induced by low, middle and high concentrations of marine toxin, as well as the protective effect of triptolide on toxin-induced injury. Results The cells in the cardiovascular chip grew well and had structurally intact glycocalyx. Compared with the control group, the activity of HUVEC cells were inhibited in group of the medium and high concentration of OA and high concentration of GYM (P<0.05). The activity of cells had not been inhibited by CTX and TTX significantly , but all the four toxins caused serious damage to the glycocalyx tissue (P<0.01). After pre-protection with triptolide, the toxicity of the four toxins to HUVEC cells and the damage rate of glycocalyx decreased significantly. Conclusion The four marine biotoxins could damage the activity and glycocalyx of HUVEC cells in a dose-dependent manner, while triptolide has a protective effect on HUVEC cells injured by toxin.

Application of metabonomics in breast cancer / 药学实践杂志

Breast cancer is a kind of malignant tumor discovered lately, with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. The shortage of relevant biological biomarkers lead to the unsatisfactory treatment efficacy and the early diagnosis in breast cancer. Metabolomics is a new discipline that uses high-throughput analysis techniques to study the dynamic changes of endogenous metabolites under the influence of different pathological physiological stimulation or gene mutations, which has provided a novel way for biomarker screening and disease diagnosis and treatment. The overview of metabolomics and its applications in breast cancer early diagnosis, drug efficacy evaluation, and disease prognosis were summarized in this review.

Progress of research on application of chondroitin sulfate in osteogenic repair materials / 口腔医学

@#Chondroitin sulfate is an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal and human body. In recent years, chondroitin sulfate has been proven to have potential efficacy in biomedical application and has been widely used in bone regeneration and osteogenesis, especially in craniofacial reconstruction and dental medicine. Research shows that chondroitin sulfate derivatives and chondroitin sulfate composite scaffolds have great potential in promoting osteogenesis and biomineralization. However, due to the variety of chondroitin sulfate and various application forms, study on its mechanism of osteogenic repair is still insufficient. In this paper, biological characteristics, bone regeneration and osteogenesis of chondroitin sulfate, its application in different biomaterial design and future prospect are discussed.

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of green tea polyphenols by response surface methodology / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the microwave-assisted extraction process of green tea polyphenols. Methods The extraction yield of tea polyphenols was figured up by building the standard curve of gallic acid and examining the concentration of tea polyphenols in green tea extract with the introduction of a correction factor. The effects of four single factor levels of microwave extraction time, microwave output power, liquid-to-material yield, and ethanol volume fraction on the extraction yield of tea polyphenols were primarily studied in this experiment. The response surface was applied to further optimize the extraction process of green tea polyphenols after exploring the appropriate range of four single factor levels. Results The optimal extraction process was as follows: extraction time 37 s, microwave output power 350 w, material - liquid yield 1∶45 (g/ml), ethanol volume fraction 55%, and the actual extraction yield of tea polyphenols was 25.65%, which was not much different from the theoretical value. Conclusion The microwave-assisted green tea polyphenol extraction process optimized by response surface methodology is time-saving and practicable, and the extraction yield is high.

Thought of Treatment of Orifices Based on Correspondence Between Drugs and Symptoms in Chinese Herbal Classics in Past Dynasties / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo discuss the thought of treatment of orifices in the Chinese herbal classics in the past dynasties based on the correspondence between drugs and symptoms to guide the clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation. MethodAll the literature data of Chinese herbal classics were retrieved from the database of the Chinese Medical Dictionary， involving 76 works of Chinese herbal classics and covering representative works from the Han dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties. The information on Chines herbal drugs for the treatment of orifices was collected and sorted out. According to Chinese Materia Medica （11th Edition） and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China （2020 Edition）， the nature， flavor， and meridian tropism of the selected Chinese herbal drugs were statistically analyzed. The pathogenesis elements in the treatment of orifices were classified and counted， and the contents of syndrome differentiation and treatment in various Chinese herbal classics were extracted. ResultIn 76 Chinese herbal classics in the past dynasties， 93 Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of orifices were selected. The nature of drugs was mainly warm， followed by cold and mild. The flavor was mainly pungent， followed by bitter and sweet. In terms of meridian tropism， drugs mainly acted on the lung meridian， followed by stomach， heart， liver， spleen， and kidney meridians. The pathogenesis elements of orifices could be divided into six categories， i.e.， wind invasion， turbid obstruction and Qi stagnation， water and dampness stagnation， blood stasis and collaterals blockage， heat and toxin damage， deficiency of vital Qi and cold coagulation. ConclusionOrifices are mainly treated with drugs effective in dispelling wind and pathogenic factors， resolving turbidity and removing stagnation， inducing diuresis and eliminating dampness， promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals， clearing heat and purging fire， tonifying deficiency and dispelling cold， which are used in combination. Eliminating pathogenic factors and dredging， tonifying deficiency and purging excess are the main characteristics of treatment of orifices based on syndrome differentiation， which is in line with the physiological dysfunction state of orifices in losing the function， evil Qi blockage and healthy Qi deficiency.

Effects of Decitabine Combined with Anlotinib on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the biological effects and its relative mechanism of decitabine combined with anlotinib on multiple myeloma cells.@*METHODS@#The human MM cell lines and primary cells were treated with different concentrations of decitabine, anlotinib, and decitabine+anlotinib, respectively. The cell viability was detected and combination effect was calculated by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry and the level of c-Myc protein was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Both decitabine and anlotinib could effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of MM cell lines NCI-H929 and RPMI-8226. The effect of combined treatment on the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis was stronger than that of single-drug treatment. The combination of the two drugs also showed strong cytotoxicity in primary MM cells. Decitabine and anlotinib could down-regulate the level of c-Myc protein in MM cells and the c-Myc level in the combination group was the lowest.@*CONCLUSION@#Decitabine combined with anlotinib can effectively inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MM cells, which provides a certain experimental basis for the treatment of human MM.

O-arm real-time guidance in cervical pedicle screw fixation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the technical aspects of the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw placement with O-arm guidance.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 21 patients who underwent cervical pedicle screw fixation by O-arm real-time guidance from December 2015 to January 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 15 males and 6 females, aged from 29 to 76 years old with an average of (45.3±11.5) years. The postoperative CT scan was utilized to evaluate the placement of the pedicle screw and classified according to the Gertzbein and Robbins classification.@*RESULTS@#A total of 132 pedicle screws were implanted in 21 patients, 116 at C3-C6 and 16 at C1 and C2. According to Gertzbein & Robbins classification, the overall breach rates were found to be 11.36% (15/132) with 73.33% (11 screws) Grade B, 26.67% (4 screws) Grade C, and no Grade D or E screw breaches. There were no pedicle screw placement related complications at final follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#The application of O-arm real-time guidance technology can make cervical pedicle screw placement reliable. High accuracy and better intra-operative control can increase surgeon's confidence in using cervical pedicle instrumentation. Considering the high-risk nature of anatomical area around cervical pedicle and the possibility of catastrophic complications, the spine surgeon should have sufficient surgical skills, experience, ensures stringent verification of the system, and never relies solely on the navigation system.

Dietary Patterns for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Disease： Interpretation and Thinking Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cardiometabolic disease （CMD） is a clinical syndrome in which there is a causal relationship between metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular damage. The incidence and mortality rates of CMD remain high despite the use of potent pharmacologic interventions and clinical therapeutic approaches. There is an urgent need for effective evidence-based comprehensive management measures to improve patients' lifespan and quality of life. From the concept of "nourishing through food" proposed in the Huangdi's Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing） to the widespread application of modern dietary patterns such as dietary restriction， plant-based diets， and Jiangnan cuisine， dietary regulation plays a significant role in preventing diseases， early treatment of existing diseases， and recovery. This article systematically reviewed the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory related to dietary patterns， elucidated the cutting-edge evidence and mechanisms of modern dietary patterns like dietary restriction in preventing and treating CMD， and explored the strategy of integrating TCM theory with dietary patterns， aiming to establish a new food-nutrition-medicine approach that combines traditional Chinese and western medicine and provide novel insights and directions for the clinical management of CMD.

Association between air quality index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in Beijing / 环境与职业医学

Background Few studies have investigated the association between air pollution and arterial stiffness in Chinese population, and the findings are inconsistent. The problem of multicollinearity exists when modeling multiple air pollutants simultaneously. Objective To investigate potential association between air quality index (AQI) and population brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Beijing. Methods This study retrieved medical examination data of 2971 participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort, who were under 60 years old and not yet retired, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The most recent medical examination data available were utilized for this analysis. AQI data from 35 air pollution monitoring sites in Beijing and meteorological data (including atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) from 16 meteorological monitoring stations from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 were collected. An average AQI exposure level for 365 d before the date of physical examination for each participant was computed using inverse distance weighting. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between AQI and baPWV in Beijing, after adjusting for confounding variables including age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, medication history of diabetes, medication history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, education, smoking status, drinking status, and physical activity intensity. Subgroup analysis was performed by age, sex, presence of diabetes, and presence of hypertension. Results AQI demonstrated an overall decreasing trend during the study period and was lower in the northern regions and higher in the southern regions of Beijing. After adjusting the confounding variables, each 10 unit increase in AQI was associated with 6.18 (95%CI: 1.25, 11.10) cm·s−1 increase in baPWV in all participants, 8.05 (95%CI: 2.32, 13.79) cm·s−1 increase in the participants <50 years, 15.82 (95%CI: 8.33, 23.31) cm·s−1 increase in the female group, 10.10 (95%CI: 4.66, 15.55) cm·s−1 increase in the participants without diabetes, and 9.41 (95%CI: 4.21, 14.62) cm·s−1 increase in the participants without hypertension. However, there was no statistically significant association observed between AQI and baPWV in the age group ≥50 years, the male group, the diabetic group, and the hypertensive group (P>0.05). Conclusion An increase in long-term AQI levels is associated with an elevation in the degree of arterial stiffness. Individuals under 50 years old, females, without hypertension or diabetes are susceptible populations to arterial stiffness when being exposed to air pollution. Improving air quality may contribute to prevent arterial stiffness.

Effect of volleyball training on physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance of college students / Efeito do treinamento de vôlei sobre a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar de estudantes universitários / Efecto del entrenamiento de voleibol en la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball consists mainly of aerobic activities, causing positive impacts on cardiopulmonary resistance and the physical fitness of college students. Studying scientifically the training impacts of this sport can provide a scientific reference to support student training. Objective: Study the effects of volleyball training on college students' physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance. Methods: Second-year physical education students at a university were randomly selected for the experiment (n=50). Divided into the experimental group - adopting volleyball training and practice and control - with traditional athletics, they underwent a full semester of targeted physical activities. Physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance tests were performed before and after the experiment, and the results of the test batteries were cataloged and statistically confronted. Results: The experimental class students' results were superior in the physical fitness tests(P<0.05). The difference in the impact on final inter-group cardiopulmonary resistance was not so evident, demonstrating that both interventions resulted in good conditioning. Conclusion: Volleyball training positively impacted college students' physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance. It also increased the students' interest in the sport, optimizing the college students' physical quality and improving their cardiopulmonary resistance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O voleibol é constituído principalmente por atividades aeróbicas, causando impactos positivos sobre a resistência cardiopulmonar e aptidão física dos estudantes universitários. Estudar cientificamente os impactos do treinamento desse esporte pode fornecer uma referência científica para embasar o treinamento estudantil. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento de voleibol sobre a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Alunos do segundo ano de educação física em uma universidade foram selecionados aleatoriamente para o experimento (n=50). Divididos em grupo experimental - adotando treinamento e prática de voleibol e controle - com atletismo tradicional, foram submetidos a um semestre completo de atividades físicas direcionadas. Testes de aptidão física e resistência cardiopulmonar foram executados antes e após o experimento, os resultados das baterias de testes foram catalogados e confrontados estatisticamente. Resultados: Os resultados dos alunos da classe experimental foram superiores nas provas de aptidão física (P<0.05). A diferença no impacto sobre a resistência cardiopulmonar final inter-grupo não foi tão evidente, demonstrando que ambas intervenções acarretaram em um bom condicionamento. Conclusão: O treinamento de vôlei apresentou impactos positivos sobre a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Também aumentou o interesse dos alunos pelo esporte, otimizando a qualidade física dos estudantes universitários e melhorando a sua resistência cardiopulmonar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El voleibol está constituido principalmente por actividades aeróbicas, causando impactos positivos en la resistencia cardiopulmonar y en la aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Estudiar científicamente los impactos del entrenamiento de este deporte puede proporcionar una referencia científica en la que basar el entrenamiento de los alumnos. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento de voleibol sobre la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Para el experimento se seleccionaron aleatoriamente estudiantes de segundo curso de educación física de una universidad (n=50). Divididos en grupo experimental -que adoptó entrenamiento y práctica de voleibol- y control -con atletismo tradicional-, se sometieron a un semestre completo de actividades físicas dirigidas. Se realizaron pruebas de aptitud física y resistencia cardiopulmonar antes y después del experimento, se catalogaron los resultados de las baterías de pruebas y se confrontaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Los resultados de los alumnos de la clase experimental fueron superiores en las pruebas de aptitud física (P<0,05). La diferencia en el impacto sobre la resistencia cardiopulmonar final intergrupos no fue tan evidente, lo que demuestra que ambas intervenciones dieron lugar a un buen acondicionamiento. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de voleibol presentó impactos positivos sobre la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios. También aumentó el interés de los alumnos por el deporte, optimizando la calidad física de los universitarios y mejorando su resistencia cardiopulmonar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Influences of high-intensity interval training on physical ability in volleyball / Influências do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a habilidade física do voleibol / Influencias del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad en la capacidad física del voleibol

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional physical training has a good effect on the improvement of strength and quality indicators of the athletes; however, recent pieces of evidence indicate that relating it to high-intensity interval training may reduce the physical problems of its practitioners, besides accelerating the physical skills required by volleyball. Objective: Study the application of high-intensity interval training on the physical ability of volleyball players. Methods: 40 volunteers were recruited, among freshmen and university students, practicing volleyball. They were divided equally into the control and experimental group. The control group used traditional physical training based on aerobic exercise, while the experimental group adopted a high-intensity interval training program. Each session lasted 1.5 hours, twice a week, for 9 weeks. Relevant physical and functional data were individually collected before and after the intervention, compared, and statistically analyzed. Results: There was an increase in the quality of the long-distance throw, horizontal pull force, 800 m run, 30 m run, cross jump, and repeated crossing experiment. Conclusion: The high-intensity interval training protocol raised the fitness level of volleyball players, allowing optimization of performance on the court. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento físico tradicional apresenta um bom efeito na melhoria da força e dos indicadores de qualidade dos atletas, porém evidências recentes indicam que relaciona-lo ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade possa reduzir os problemas físicos de seus praticantes além de acelerar as habilidades físicas requeridas pelo voleibol. Objetivo: Estudar a aplicação do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a habilidade física dos praticantes de voleibol. Métodos: Foram recrutados 40 voluntários entre calouros e alunos da universidade, praticantes de voleibol. Eles foram divididos igualmente em grupo controle e experimental. O grupo de controle utilizou o treinamento físico tradicional baseado em exercício aeróbico enquanto o experimental adotou o programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Cada sessão durou 1,5 horas, duas vezes por semana, por 9 semanas. Os dados físicos e funcionais relevantes foram individualmente coletados antes e após a intervenção, comparados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Houve um aumento na qualidade do arremesso de longa distância, força de tração horizontal, corrida de 800 m, corrida de 30 m, salto transversal e no experimento de cruzamento repetido. Conclusão: O protocolo de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade elevou o nível de aptidão física nos jogadores de vôlei, permitindo uma otimização de desempenho na quadra. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento físico tradicional tiene un buen efecto en la mejora de los indicadores de fuerza y calidad de los atletas; sin embargo, recientes evidencias indican que relacionarlo con el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad puede reducir los problemas físicos de sus practicantes, además de acelerar las habilidades físicas requeridas por el voleibol. Objetivo: Estudiar la aplicación del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la capacidad física de los practicantes de voleibol. Métodos: Se reclutaron 40 voluntarios, entre estudiantes de primer año y universitarios, practicantes de voleibol. Se dividieron a partes iguales en grupo de control y grupo experimental. El grupo de control utilizó un entrenamiento físico tradicional basado en ejercicios aeróbicos, mientras que el grupo experimental adoptó un programa de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad. Cada sesión duró 1,5 horas, dos veces por semana durante 9 semanas. Se recogieron individualmente datos físicos y funcionales relevantes antes y después de la intervención, se compararon y se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Hubo un aumento en la calidad del lanzamiento de larga distancia, la fuerza de tracción horizontal, la carrera de 800 m, la carrera de 30 m, el salto cruzado y en el experimento de cruce repetido. Conclusión: El protocolo de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad elevó el nivel de condición física en jugadores de voleibol, permitiendo una optimización del rendimiento en la cancha. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Pathogenesis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Strategy of Diabetic Vascular Calcification Based on Theory of Stasis-toxin-deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Vascular complications are the primary cause of the high disability and mortality in diabetic patients. Vascular calcification is a pathological basis of diabetic vascular complications and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and the difficulty of revascularization in diabetic patients. It is of great clinical value to explore the measures for prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. This paper explores the intrinsic association of stasis， toxin， and deficiency with diabetic vascular calcification to reveal the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular calcification. Stasis and toxin are causally affected by and combined with each other； deficiency refers to the deficiency of healthy Qi and the loss of Qi and blood. The three elements are associated with the occurrence and development of blood vessel diseases. This paper proposes the evolutional law of stasis， toxin， and deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for diabetic vascular calcification. Specifically， diabetic vascular calcification is rooted in the stasis of meridians and collaterals， develops due to the combination of stasis and toxin， and is aggravated by middle Qi deficiency. Furthermore， this paper proposes the TCM intervention principle of activating blood， removing toxin， tonifying deficiency， and dredging collaterals for the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for clinical and translational research on the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification with integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

Establishment and Evaluation of Animal Models of Combined Stasis and Toxin Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo screen and establish animal models of combined stasis and toxin syndrome based on the comparison of three modeling methods， i.e.， carrageenan （Ca）， Ca combined with dried yeast （Ca+Yeast）， and Ca combined with lipopolysaccharide （Ca+LPS）. MethodForty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， Ca group， Ca+Yeast group， and Ca+LPS group， with 10 rats in each group. The Ca group， Ca+Yeast group， and Ca+LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of Ca （10 mg·kg-1） on the first day. The Ca+LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS （50 μg·kg-1） on the second day， and the Ca+Yeast group received a subcutaneous injection of dry yeast suspension （2 mg·kg-1） on the back on the second day. The rectal temperature of each group was dynamically observed after modeling. After 24 hours of modeling， the macroscopic evaluation indexes， including tongue manifestation， pulse， and black tail length in each group were observed. The PeriCam PSI imaging system was used to detect the blood flow perfusion of the rat tail. The automatic hemorheology analyzer was used to measure the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of each group. The PL platelet function analyzer was used to detect the platelet aggregation rate of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the interleukin-6 （IL-6） level in the rat plasma. The myocardial tissue， brain tissue， and lung tissue of each group of rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. ResultCompared with the normal group， all three model groups showed varying degrees of black tail （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced blood flow perfusion at the tail end （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased R， G， and B values of tongue manifestation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased maximum platelet aggregation rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The pulse amplitudes of the Ca+Yeast group and the Ca+LPS group were lower than that of the normal group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the average rectal temperature of the Ca+Yeast group increased after 24 hours of modeling （P<0.01）， and the low-， medium-， and high-shear whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） as compared with those in the normal group. Additionally， the expression level of the plasma inflammatory factor IL-6 was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. Pathological morphology results showed that the Ca+Yeast group had the most severe pathological changes， with small foci of myocardial fiber dissolution， inflammatory cell infiltration， and fibroblast proliferation observed. In the hippocampal area， the neurons were sparse and had undergone red degeneration. In the small focus of the lung interstitium， lymphocytes and neutrophils were infiltrated. ConclusionThe animal model of combined stasis and toxin syndrome was properly established using Ca+Yeast. The systematic evaluation system of the model， which includes traditional Chinese medicine four diagnostic information， western medicine microscopic indicators， and tissue pathological morphology， is worthy of consideration and reference by researchers.